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The Czech Republic became an independent state in 1993. Until 1918, it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, then to become part of Czechoslovakia. A referendum was organized in Eastern Silesia, resulting in the division of the region between Czechoslovakia and Poland. In 1938 Germany annexed the mainly German speaking Sudetenland. At this time, the part of Eastern Silesia that had been awarded to Czechoslovakia was ceded to Poland. In 1939 Germany overran all of Czechoslovakia and formed the protectorate Bohemia & Moravia as part of the German Empire. After WWII, Czechoslovakia was reinstated. Czechoslovakia dissolved in 1993.
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